Controlling flies on livestock

The-hot-season-and-the-outbreak-of-the-silk-weavers-pest

The hot season and the outbreak of pest

Increase children's leukemia due to pesticides

Increase children’s leukemia due to pesticides

Published by siadatpour at August 4, 2022

Categories

Tags

Controlling-flies-on-livestock

Table of Contents

Controlling flies on livestock

Controlling flies on livestock farms

Controlling flies on livestock farms One of the important issues is livestock management .

The fly problem in livestock farms is a serious and need to have best ways to control it:

With the beginning of the hot season, one of the problems of livestock farms, especially cattle farms in all parts of the country, is the increasing spread of flies, which cause many problems and occupy a part of health management in cattle farms.

The most common flies that exist in cattle farms (may vary depending on the geographical location) include house flies (Musca domestica), stable flies (Hydrotaea sp), (Stomoxys calcitranc), fruit flies (Musca automnalis) and to a lesser extent Sarcophaga, Fannia Formia, Tabanus and colored flies are Calliphora and Lucilia.

Other flies are also found in cattle ranches that may be important depending on the geographic location.

Some of these flies only cause physical and health harm, while others are blood-sucking and sting, causing more serious damage and causing miaz production.

The harm of flies

• Physical harassment of adult flies

• Physical harassment of fly larvae inside the beds, especially for calves

• Transmission of diseases such as diarrhea of calves, salmonellosis, IBR, blood parasites (Tabanus fly is the cause of transmission of Sora disease).

It is even said that the Stomoxys fly can transmit Charbon’s disease.

• Creation of myiasis on live animals in the places of injection and surgery (the author has also observed them on the healthy skin of ground calves.)

• Getting into the milking machines & containers & subsequently contaminating the milk and raising the microbial count of the milk

• Causing stress in adult cows, decreasing appetite and reducing milk production:

To drive flies away, cows kick, make strong movements of the tail and skin muscles, gather in one spot and splash food on their backs, which can become a habit all year round.

Flies cause the most problems for cows during milking.

Milking restless cows that try to drive flies away with strong tail shakes is very difficult and tiring.

The life cycle of a fly

Flies lay eggs on fresh manure, manure-contaminated soil, on litters, manger floors, under food, and in drains or sewage accumulations outside cattle farms.

The hatched larva feeds on these organic sources and turns into a pupa after a while, and after a while the winged insect comes out of the pupa.

The life cycle lasts from one week to 24 days, depending on the type of fly and the temperature. An adult fly lives for about 10 to 30 days and lays 100 to 400 eggs during this time.

Some flies are able to migrate long distances and enter cattle ranches from nearby areas. In tropical regions, the life cycle of flies continues throughout the year, and in cold regions, flies maintain their survival during winter.

Ways to control flies

Sanitation

The first and most effective way to control flies is hygiene. Meanwhile, manure management is very important.

Correct removal of manure from the springs and the surrounding environment will reduce the breeding places of flies.

Management of cattle farm wastewater and its proper disposal (which is not done in most cattle farms in the country) is effective in controlling the proliferation of flies in a wide area.

Repairing the connections of water taps and preventing the bed from getting wet and keeping food dry can also reduce annoying flies, and spraying is a very effective way to kill larvae.

Without hygiene in cattle breeding, other methods of fighting will not be effective.

Spraying diesel or lime on the manure collected in the cattle farm helps to control the fly, but because most of the time it has many side effects (for example, without the use of fertilizer that should be used in agriculture, the smell of milk and the burning effect on the cow’s body, these methods do not seem suitable. )

Flies are very fond of newborn calves. Apparently, this interest is due to the calf being covered in childbirth secretions.

By washing these secretions immediately after birth, the accumulation of flies around the calves can be reduced.

Daily cleaning of the calf’s bed also prevents the accumulation of flies in the calf.

Chemical warfare

The most important chemicals in the control of flies are poisons, which have different types that are not covered here, and the effects and harms of each of them.

Today, the use of poisons to control flies is becoming limited.

The reasons for this are:

1- Their remaining in drinking water and agricultural products

2- High cost of unnecessary and ineffective uses

3- Reducing the selection power for a suitable insecticide

4- Rapid resistance to pests

At the same time, poisons can be used in the following ways:

1- Directly on the animal’s body: in the form of powder, spray, ear tag, feed through

2- Use in the living environment: as fogging, bait, long-acting poisons (containing pheromone), spraying on manure to control larvae.

• The use of poisons containing pheromone is suitable because they only choose flies, but it also has its disadvantages:

• Flies are attracted to the place (for example, calf breeding).

It has environmental residue.

Creates resistance.

• Spraying on the place where flies lay their eggs is not worth much because the acidity of the place deactivates the insecticides and more importantly it causes pollution of the environment and agricultural products.

In direct spraying, because the flies must have direct contact with the poison, spraying should be done when the flies are least active (at night, early morning, at dusk) and because the larvae and larvae are usually not destroyed in this spraying, it is necessary.

Repeat the spraying one or two weeks later.

food additives

Food additives are another way to control flies.

These substances enter the animal’s digestive tract with the cow’s food and are excreted along with the feces, and in this way, it is in the feces that they destroy the fly’s eggs or larvae.

However, these substances have a temporary effect.

Of course, this method is not very effective in wet areas.

Biological control

In recent years, biological products have become commercially available to fight flies

Larvae control

A commercial product is available containing nematodes of Steinernemasp.

This nematode is a non-segmented and useful microscopic worm that exists in all parts of the world.

This nematode is released by spraying or by dissolving it in water and sprinkling it in the places where the flies lay their eggs.

Since these worms are released in the place, they search for fly larvae and enter through the pores of their bodies by producing an endotoxin, leading to the death of the fly larvae within 48 hours.

A small vial of this product is used once every 2-3 weeks for 3,200 square feet of area. This product must be transported under the cold chain, which limits its use.

This nematode is also suitable for controlling larvae of other pests such as flea larvae, millipedes, termites, cockroaches and other pests.

Another product is commercially available, which includes cow broad-decomposing bacteria (microbial inoculant).

By digesting organic matter, these bacteria prevent fly larvae from feeding on these sources.

Pupa control

One of the methods of controlling flies is their natural predators. One of them is a small bee that has a parasitic life, does not sting and is harmless to animals and humans.

The female bee looks for the pupa of the fly and lays eggs inside it.

A release period of this bee temporarily reduces the population of flies, but due to the difference between the life cycle of the fly and this bee and the migration of flies from other places to the controlled area, a periodical release program must be carried out to ensure proper control (every three weeks). Bar).

The best places to use these bees are cattle farms, chicken farms, horse stables and dog kennels.

The commercial package contains live bee larvae inside fly pupae, which are packaged and must be consumed within a certain period of time.

There are other parasites that are commercially available. Examples of them are nocturnal and burrowing insects that are not harmful to humans and kill the fly in the pupa.

The pupae of these parasites are commercially available.

A small amount of it is poured every four weeks on the ground, in the troughs, under the beds, in the corners of the pens and pastures and feeding places and covered with manure or soil.

These parasites look for fly pupae up to a radius of fifteen meters to destroy them.

These parasites do not affect the adult fly. It should be noted that spraying also destroys these parasites, so spraying should be avoided during release.

Adult fly control

1- Mushrooms: Some types of mushrooms can kill flies. Beauveria bassiana mushrooms belong to this category.

The commercial product containing this mushroom is available in two forms, powder and solution, which is rubbed on the resting places of flies (adult flies mostly rest on the walls and roofs of spring traps).

Seven days after exposure, the flies die. It should be noted that these mushrooms can also destroy the parasites of flies, so two methods should not be used at the same time.

2- Fly traps: These traps are available in different types that trap adult flies. Some have bait and some work without bait.

3- There are many birds in cattle farms, which mostly tend to hunt insects, but the birds are not able to reduce the large population of flies.

fly repellent

Commercially available sprays are mostly for individual use. (eg for horses). An example of this spray contains vegetable and mineral oils that repel insects.

Anyway, despite all the mentioned ways to fight flies, it is emphasized again that without maintaining hygiene in cattle breeding, other methods of fighting will not have much effect on fly control, or fly control will be temporary, costly and unprincipled.

Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security

Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms

Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms Controlling flies on livestock farms

Controlling flies on livestock Controlling flies on livestock Controlling flies on livestock

siadatpour

4 Comments

Tom Rogers says:

September 11, 2022 at 3:12 am

I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back down the road. Cheers

Reply
Rodneycroda says:

September 11, 2022 at 12:47 am

I looked on the internet for more info about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site.

Reply
Rodrick Hoschouer says:

August 23, 2022 at 12:45 am

There is noticeably a bundle to learn about this. I assume you made sure good factors in features also.

Reply
Chris Williams says:

August 14, 2022 at 5:36 am

Great tips these look so natural in reading if someone implements it in their life their result is confirmed but I came here to find out some dissertation examples pdf sudden I saw your blog and started to read it.

Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply