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Published by siadatpour at May 6, 2022

Prevention and control of plant pests

Prevention and control of plant pests:

Pest control is always prior to control and control. In general, a set of actions that make living conditions unfavorable for the growth and reproduction of pests is called prevention. Because the cost of controlling some pests is more than the damage caused by these factors and in the case of some pests, practical control is not possible, therefore, preventing the damage of these factors is easier and more economical than their subsequent control.

To prevent the spread of pests, it is necessary to know the areas and factors contributing to their attack. These factors and contexts are:

A) Weakness of the host plant:

A weak plant can not resist pests like a strong plant. In other words, pests attack weak plants more than healthy and strong plants.

Therefore, it is necessary to produce healthy and strong plants through breeding and farming measures.

Production of new cultivars, weed control, planting and timely irrigation are examples of these measures.

B) Abundance of host plant:

Pests can be established and developed in an area when the living conditions for them in that area are available.

One of the most important conditions is the availability of adequate food. Therefore, the area under cultivation of a crop has a decisive role.

This is especially problematic if a single product is popular. For example, the extensive cultivation of potatoes in Ardabil province has caused the intensity of the Colorado potato beetle outbreak and the development of rice cultivation in the north of the country has caused severe damage to the rice stem borer.

For prevention and control, multi-crop cultivation method is suggested.

Obviously, if it is necessary to grow a crop more widely in an area, other methods of prevention and sometimes chemical control are used to control its pests.

C) balance of the environment:

Disruption of the balance of the environment:

Major changes that have occurred in the vegetation of nature according to human needs, have caused an outbreak of insects compatible with crops.

In this case, all the insects that are not compatible with the new crops have left these areas and settled in other places, or have disappeared.

The phenomenon of natural imbalance is significant when herbivorous insects are accidentally introduced from a distance from one country to another or from one region to another from a distance with seedlings, cuttings, grafts, seeds and other plant organs.

These insects are often exposed to more favorable living and climatic conditions in the new environment and multiply in the absence of parasites and natural enemies in their area.

These insects include the Colorado potato beetle, the Japanese beetle, the fruit fly, the mealybug, and the fruit beetle (San Jose).

Irregular spraying in an area also kills the natural enemies of pests, upsetting the natural balance of the environment, and causing some pests to overflow.

For example, the extinction of ladybugs in an area leads to the outbreak of aphids.

Legislative action by governments and the avoidance of repeated and indiscriminate spraying are preventive measures in this regard.

D) Resistance of pests to toxins:

The use of a toxin, repeatedly on a certain pest makes that pest resistant to that particular toxin.

As susceptible pests are eliminated, the resistance remains and multiplies rapidly, like the European red mite, which has become resistant to a large number of acaricides.

For this reason, in some countries, attempts have been made to regulate the spraying schedule according to certain principles, so that all farmers in an area use a specific group of pesticides only once.

This method reduces the likelihood of resistance and increases the shelf life of toxin groups.

Control:

Better than any treatment

Control

If the prevention operation can not reduce the pest population to an acceptable level, in addition to prevention operations, pest control operations should be performed. Of course, the cost of control should not exceed the amount of pest damage.

But the level of economic loss is such that the pest population is unbearable and it is worthwhile to strictly control artificial methods, especially with the use of chemical pesticides to reduce the pest population below the level of economic loss.

In general, control is a set of operations that is performed after the appearance of the pest in order to reduce its population and bring the population of the pest below the threshold of economic losses. Control operations are performed naturally (by nature) and artificially (by humans).

Economic loss threshold: It is a part of the pest population that the resulting damage has less economic value, but due to the costs of the fight and the consequences that it brings, this limit of pest damage is tolerable and no artificial control measures are needed.

Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests

Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests

Integrated control:

The combined use of several methods to control pests is called integrated control. The effects of chemical mismanagement have drawn the attention of phytosanitary scientists to integrated control in order to reduce the adverse effects of toxins as much as possible by implementing this control method.

Therefore, pest control is considered in the form of integrated pest management (IPM).

Psychological control:

In this method, factors that affect the psychological characteristics of insects in order to attract or repel them are used. These factors are: light and chemical volatile compounds.

Its different lights and colors have different effects on the rate of attracting insects. For example, yellow attracts aphids and blue reduces the activity of houseflies and mosquitoes.

Prevention and control of plant pests Prevention and control of plant pests

siadatpour

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Prevention and control of plant pests

Fungicides and organic pesticides in agriculture:

Preservation of bee genetic resources

Prevention and control of plant pests

A) Weakness of the host plant:

B) Abundance of host plant:

C) balance of the environment:

D) Resistance of pests to toxins:

Control:

Control

Integrated control:

Psychological control:

siadatpour

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