History
of pesticide use
The history of using these products can be divided into three time periods. In the first period before the 1870s, pests were controlled using various natural compounds. The first recorded use of insecticides was by the Sumerians about 4,500 years ago. They used sulfur compounds to control insects and mites. About 3,200 years ago, the Chinese used compounds of mercury and arsenic to control body lice.
There was no chemical industry at that time so all products used were produced directly from animal, plant or mineral sources. In the past, more smoke was used to kill mold or keep harmful insects away. Farmers also controlled weeds mainly by hand weeding.
The third period began after 1945, when the use of synthetic pesticides became popular with the discovery of the effects of phenyl trichloroethane (DDT), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC), aldrin, dildrin, andrin, chlordane, parathion, and captan.
The disadvantages of these products were high application rate, lack of selectivity and high toxicity. DDT, for example, was widely used around the world because it was less toxic to mammals and reduced insect-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and typhus.
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