Controlling warehouse pests

Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security

Plant pests, the biggest threat to food security

The-hot-season-and-the-outbreak-of-the-silk-weavers-pest

The hot season and the outbreak of pest

Published by siadatpour at July 23, 2022

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Controlling warehouse pests using environmentally friendly methods

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Controlling warehouse pests

Controlling warehouse pests using environmentally friendly methods : The increase in the world’s population has caused the world’s people to need more food.

This issue has caused humans to increase the area under cultivation of agricultural products, to increase the efficiency of harvesting and to store agricultural food for times when it is more difficult to access them.

Therefore, a significant percentage of human food is stored in different warehouses.

These warehouses can contain very large volumes, the size of several ships, or they can be as small as a grocery store or our homes.

Due to the economic importance of storage pests and their resistance and other problems from the destruction of the ozone layer due to phosphine and methyl bromide gases, replacing other suitable compounds is a matter of control.

An ideal fumigant is a fumigant that quickly destroys pests and is economically viable, easy to use and leaves the least residue.

Therefore, the lethal effect of carbon dioxide gas and acetone as an environmentally friendly fumigant poison in 5 doses alone and mixed together, in controlling three important pests of warehouses, including the Mediterranean flour moth kuehniella z. 1897 ephestia, night .

Indian moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and the four-point legume beetle Callosobruchus maculatus have been investigated.

The results of investigating the effect of mixing the sub-lethal dose (lc25) of acetone and carbon dioxide on all the above three insects showed that acetone and carbon dioxide together have a synergistic effect on the pests and on the four-spotted legume beetle, the Mediterranean flour moth and the moth.

Hindi has included 55%, 65% and 75% of casualties respectively. At the same time, with the increase in the doses of smoking poisons, the amount of pest deaths has increased significantly.

Therefore, the mixture of these two fumigants can be used in the integrated management of warehouse pests

Storage pests are one of the most important problems in the way of food storage in the world.

Every year, about a quarter to a third of the grain stored in warehouses around the world is lost;

Most of this damage is related to pest attacks on warehouses.

What is the damage of warehouse pests?

Some seeds are completely pulverized and destroyed due to pest attack.

The seeds that are not destroyed due to the damage of storage pests suffer a severe quality loss.

The appearance of the seeds are healthy, but following the feeding of pests from the embryo part of the seeds, in addition to the loss of the protein of the seeds, their germination percentage also decreases.

Pests such as wheat weevil, grain beetle, rice weevil, grain weevil are among the most important pests of warehouses.

In this article, we have briefly explained about these troublesome insects.

Types of warehouse pests

Primary storage pests:

Primary or main pests have the ability to attack healthy and whole grains.

Secondary storage pests:

are pests that attack broken and damaged seeds.

1. Cereal grain beetle

Rhyzopertha dominica : Cereal grain beetle is the most important and serious pest of grain storage, especially in Australia.

The body length of this brown cylindrical cockroach is 3 mm.

If you look at this cockroach from above, you won’t see its head, because it is hidden under the thorax.

On the surface of the wings there are prominent and very small grains that make the appearance of this warehouse pest unique.

The egg-laying of the female grain beetle is such that each time it lays, it releases about 500 eggs in the middle of a grain.

White curved larvae with brown heads and three pairs of legs emerge from the eggs and enter the grain.

At this stage, the larvae feed on the starch inside the seeds and enter the pupal stage.

After 3-6 weeks, depending on the ambient temperature, the adult grain beetles emerge from the pupa.

After the beetles leave the grain, large holes are created on the grain. The life of adult grain beetles is about 2 months.

The holes created by primary storage pests, including the grain beetle, on the seeds will be the preparations for the entry of secondary pests into these seeds.

In fact, these holes act as recruitment ads for secondary pests so that pests migrate from infected seeds to damaged seeds.

2. Wheat weevil

Sitophilus granarius :A black to brown insect with a length of 5 mm that remains motionless for several minutes when threatened; This makes it more difficult to identify this storage pest.

The adult wheat weevil lays 450 eggs in the holes on the grain every time. A white legless larva emerges from each egg and starts eating the grain from the inside. The adult insects of this pest also begin to chew the grain.

In summer, the life cycle of this insect lasts one month. Adult insects can live up to 8 months. The unique characteristic of the wheat weevil is its tube-shaped mouth, which can be recognized from a distance.

3. Rice weevil

Sitophiluse oryzae:

A brown to black insect with a long tubular mouthpiece is one of the most important pests of rice storage. There are 4 spots on the wings of this insect that make it possible to recognize it.

Adult insects lay a large number of eggs in the broken parts and cavities of grain. The white, legless larvae eat the seeds from the inside.

Complete insects create holes on the seeds when they emerge from the pupa.

The length of the life cycle of the rice weevil is the same as that of the wheat weevil. Obviously, these two pests are not much different from each other; But the rice weevil has completely distinguished itself from the wheat weevil by having flying wings.

4. Cereal willow

Sititroga cerealwlla: Indian moth scientific name Plodia interpunctella

This pest is also seen in most warehouses and even in houses throughout the year it may be seen by the people of the house. This insect is actually a moth.

which in its larval stages can attack all dry and semi-dry foods and in the absence of these foods it can attack cellulose fibers such as fabrics and papers.

In homes, Indian moths are usually seen when they become adults and take flight. The insect lays a large number of eggs in stored food and therefore can be present in the storage all year round.

After completing the larval stages and feeding this pest with food, the larvae become pupae and do this by weaving webs and cocoons around themselves.

These small cocoons, which are about 3 to 5 mm long, can be seen in food, especially dry fruits. After some time, the pupa turns into an adult insect and after laying eggs, the life cycle of the insect repeats again.

Adult insects are attracted to light sources and are therefore more visible at night.

5. ants

Ants, especially the larger species, can become a problem in warehouses and feed on them.

Especially grains such as barley, wheat, millet and rice are more sensitive to ants and are considered better food for them. Since ants have a collective life.

Finding the location of the grain warehouse by only one member of this community quickly informs the other members, and in a short period of time, a large population of ants attack the warehouse.

6. Mice

These animals need constant chewing both for feeding and for cutting their teeth.

Therefore, in all warehouses, mice are considered as one of the important and damaging factors, and in addition to directly feeding on grains or legumes stored in warehouses, they cause damage to packaging, including sacks. and pallets.

Mouse waste is also one of the health problems in warehouses, especially grains. Mouse excrement and saliva remaining on food may cause the transmission of common diseases to humans or cause other health problems.

Warehouse pest control

Controlling each of these pests requires careful planning. Control of temperature, humidity, air conditioning, hygiene of tools and equipment, use of chemicals that enter the body of insects through breathing or absorption are among the ways to fight warehouse pests.

Insects are one of the oldest and most powerful creatures in the universe. Their complete destruction is not only not possible, but the absence of insects will be very harmful for all creatures, including humans.

Therefore, it is better to increase our abilities to coexist with them by taking a more humble look at these smart creatures.

Fighting warehouse pests

Regarding the importance of fighting warehouse pests, this is enough, if they are not fought and these pests enter the warehouses, not only a part of the product but also the products stored in them may be affected by pests for many years.

Also, huge losses will be caused to the storekeeper and the cargo owner.

In general, the following methods can be suggested to control warehouse pests.

a) Blocking entry ways:

The best solution to reduce warehouse pests and prevent insects from entering food is to limit their entry ways into the warehouse, the floor and walls of warehouses should be completely covered with thick concrete.

It can also be sealed. Possible windows and openings should also be covered with special anti-thrips nets.

b) Avoiding mixing old and new loads:

Agricultural materials staying in warehouses usually attract warehouse insects to them, so it is suggested to store new products first, to empty the old products from the warehouse, and then reload the warehouse after disinfection.

c) Proper ventilation and temperature:

Most warehouse pests, including the toothed bug, grow more at a certain temperature and humidity, and at lower temperatures or better ventilation conditions, their growth rate decreases or even stops.

Therefore, paying attention to the temperature of the warehouse, along with its ventilation, is one of the factors that prevent the occurrence of these pests on grains and legumes.

d) Disinfection of warehouse and agricultural products:

To disinfect the warehouse empty of agricultural products, you can use a mixture of metam sodium, sodium hypochloride, or all kinds of alcoholic and acidic substances.

If there is a need for disinfection and chemical fight against warehouse pests in warehouses that contain agricultural materials, methyl bromide and phostoxin can be used.

This category of poisons is prepared in gaseous form and requires gasification of the warehouse before use. Also, after use, all toxic gases in the warehouse must be evacuated with proper ventilation.

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Concolusion

Warehouse pest control is a critical aspect of maintaining a safe and hygienic working environment. Pests such as rodents, insects, and birds can pose serious health risks to employees, damage products and infrastructure, and compromise the integrity of the supply chain.

Effective pest control in a warehouse requires a comprehensive approach that includes prevention, early detection, and rapid response. This may involve regular inspections, the use of traps and baits, proper waste management, and the implementation of exclusion measures such as sealing cracks and gaps.

In addition to preventing damage and contamination, effective pest control can also help to maintain compliance with industry regulations and standards, avoid costly product recalls and legal actions, and protect the reputation of the company.

Investing in professional pest control services can ensure that a warehouse is protected from pests and that any issues are addressed promptly and effectively. This can help to minimize downtime, reduce costs associated with product loss and damage, and maintain a safe and healthy working environment for employees.

In summary, pest control in a warehouse is essential for protecting the health and safety of employees, maintaining product quality, and ensuring compliance with industry regulations. A proactive and professional approach to pest management is critical for the success of any warehouse operation.

siadatpour

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